Note of caution: the author of this blog believes that positive effects
and impact of the European Union (EU) on the its member states is incontestable
and thus did not deem necessary to demonstrate the importance of using and
pushing for the positive EU narrative within its member states.
The trust in the EU among its citizens is comparably lower to what it
was eight to ten years ago. As the autumn 2016 Standard Eurobarometer mapping the attitudes
of the citizens in (still) 28 member states showed, while 48% of people trusted
in the EU in the first half of 2006, only 33% did so 10 years later. Ever since
2010, the percentage of those who tend not to trust the EU has been higher than
of the ones who do so (with the latest polls showing 18% difference between the
two). The EU’s image has been experiencing similar trends. Although the
positive image still dominates the negative, the former has declined from 46%
to 35% in ten years.
In general, the reasoning is connected to the widely debated tiredness
and frustration in the aftermath of crises the EU has faced and still faces
today (the steepest decline in trust and image is indeed observable in 2009 and
2010). And, naturally, due to the discontent with the status quo and
crises-management, the population seeks for changes. As the course of history
has shown, this dynamic is not new. Likewise, it is no novelty that political
leaders must respond and react to these frustrations on a constant basis. The political
rhetoric in many parts of the region often seems to copy, or even cherish, the
negative attitudes and criticism though. It seems as if, in many parts of the
EU, the need for change or revision has only been seen as a free space for critique
and blame-game. As if the only viable ways of fixing a complex machine was
either pushing it manually against its own will, taking as many components out as
possible to make it a simple easy-to-fix old-timer, or just turning it into a
scrap.
But the story of Emmanuel Macron has shown there might still be a strong
will to upgrade the machine. During his election campaign, the positive
narrative about the EU was evident, emphasised and strongly put forward. Naturally,
a wider mixture of factors has contributed to his success. Many have been
linking it to the “fresh wind” he brought onto the French political scene. Detachment
from the traditional party, younger age, relatively low prior engagement in
politics (which allowed him to play on an anti-establishment card), and a well-developed
skill of persuasive public speaking combined resulted in a great portion of
charisma capable of intruding the French political scene and blurring the
traditional left vs. right division. Nonetheless, a solid and open support for a
stronger EU might have as well been regarded as the “fresh wind”. Compared to popular
Eurosceptic (or at last careful) treatment of these topics in many parts of the
region, Macron’s strong emphasis on the bright future in a more integrated and
united EU felt quite refreshing (e.g. Europe makes us
bigger, Europe makes us stronger or Leaving Europe, that's a war).
In the era of questioning of globalisation and fears that the openness
might be on the retreat, the candidate in a country with strong patriotism and
historical pride openly supported and advocated for openness and EU values, and
refused to add up to the blame-game towards Brussels. During one of his rallies in late April, he even addressed the crowds
with the words: “…once there is a difficulty, we explain it as the problem of
Brussels, as the problem of Europe. No: it’s our fault because Brussels, it’s us, it’s our sovereign
choice. It is, first of all, ours.”
His technique of reviving the trust in the EU’s capacities was similar
to the quote above. Case by case, argument by argument, he was countering the claims
building on nationalism and Euroscepticism. What is more, his strong point was
not only in using factual claims refuting any misconception of the EU, its
functioning and its effects on the country; he has shown ability to use them
and sell them to public by provoking emotions and sentiments of hope towards
better tomorrows.
His successful campaign tactic now seems to bear some fruit to the
project in the near future. The question is, to what extent did a good campaign
strategy, charisma and glory of an individual dominated over the thematic
priorities and goals he advocated for. This will be observable in two ways.
Firstly, the polls about the EU’s popularity in the following years might be
giving us a hint whether there might be any possible correlation between the
leader’s rhetoric and the public opinion.
Secondly, the achievement of his campaign did not keep others restless. In
Hungary, a young people’s movement Momentum is planning to intrude into Hungarian politics
by scrapping left vs. right divisions and bringing a new fresh “blood” onto the
scene. Likewise, after being appointed a leader of Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP),
the current Austrian foreign minister Sebastian Kurz (became the youngest
foreign minister in 2013) has announced to remodel his party by putting forward a list of independent
candidates instead of the party’s constituency selection process. This also means
that, in the next parliamentary election in October, the party will be
presented as “The Sebastian Kurz list - The New People's Party”. Many outputs (see
e.g. DW, The Guardian or The Telegraph) have been comparing the strategy to Macron. Likewise,
there is a hope that Kurz could overrule the currently popular far-right FPÖ in
a similar manner as Macron did with the Front National. However, whereas the
latter managed to unite the country against the anti-EU party, the former is
predicted to steal a portion of voters from the Eurosceptic FPÖ. That, as well
as his speeches, give us a hint that his stance towards the EU
will not copy Macron’s line.
Nonetheless, the now President of France has proven that the combination
of the “fresh wind” together with the strong pro-EU stance is doable and the
support for the EU does not have to be regarded as a narrative of the so-called
“old establishment”. In any case, it will be interesting to observe whether and
how the political actors will react to it – whether the actors with
opportunities to bring the former will adopt the latter, and vice versa. As
dynamic as the political scene can be, anything is possible.
Dominika Hajdu
Strategic Communication Programme
GLOBSEC Policy Institute
No comments:
Post a Comment